{"id":2186,"date":"2018-09-23T15:33:41","date_gmt":"2018-09-23T13:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.skolakrizik.cz\/?page_id=2186"},"modified":"2021-08-10T17:32:54","modified_gmt":"2021-08-10T15:32:54","slug":"fotovoltaicky-fotometricky-clanek","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.skolakrizik.cz\/index.php\/fotovoltaicky-fotometricky-clanek\/","title":{"rendered":"Fotovoltaick\u00fd a fotometrick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Fotovoltaick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/h3>\n

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[vc_row][vc_column width=“1\/2″][vc_column_text]\"Fotovoltaick\u00fdV m\u011bs\u00edci \u010dervnu 2001 byl v objektu \u0161koly Na P\u0159\u00edkop\u011b 16 instalov\u00e1n v r\u00e1mci akce Slunce do \u0161kol demonstra\u010dn\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00fd zdroj FVS 2000 pro p\u0159\u00edmou p\u0159em\u011bnu energie slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na energii elektrickou se jmenovit\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem 1000 W. Cel\u00e1 tato investi\u010dn\u00ed akce, tj. dod\u00e1vka jednotliv\u00fdch komponent, mont\u00e1\u017e a uveden\u00ed do provozu byla uhrazena z prost\u0159edk\u016f St\u00e1tn\u00edho fondu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dodala firma Solartec. C\u00edlem je popularizace nov\u00fdch, tzv. \u010dist\u00fdch, technologi\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed energie.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace o provozu syst\u00e9mu jsou zobrazov\u00e1ny na informa\u010dn\u00edm panelu, kter\u00fd je um\u00edst\u011bn na dvo\u0159e \u0161koly (viz p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00e9 foto). Tam jsou ud\u00e1v\u00e1ny tyto \u00fadaje: v\u00fdkon, vyroben\u00e1 energie dnes, celkov\u00e1 vyroben\u00e1 energie od uveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu do provozu, intenzita dopadaj\u00edc\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, \u010das, datum, teplota FV pole. Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace mohou \u017e\u00e1ci a zam\u011bstnanci \u0161koly sledovat na p\u0159ipojen\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010di um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9m v u\u010debn\u011b V2.<\/p>\n

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A\u010dkoliv v\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u00ed sv\u011bta (stejn\u011b jako \u010cR) nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pod\u00edlu energie z\u00edsk\u00e1van\u00e9 z alternativn\u00edch zdroj\u016f na srovnatelnou \u00farove\u0148 se zdroji klasick\u00fdmi, v energetick\u00e9 bilanci st\u00e1tu maj\u00ed tyto zdroje sv\u00e9 nenahraditeln\u00e9 postaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Fotovoltaick\u00fdHlavn\u00ed nev\u00fdhodou alternativn\u00edch zdroj\u016f je jejich vysok\u00e1 po\u0159izovac\u00ed cena. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se nemohou dosud jejich v\u00fdhody ekonomicky uplatnit. Ekonomick\u00e1 n\u00e1vratnost t\u011bchto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se pohybuje obvykle v des\u00edtk\u00e1ch let, co\u017e b\u00fdv\u00e1 za hranic\u00ed jejich \u017eivotnosti. Uplatn\u00edme-li v\u0161ak komplexn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k t\u00e9to problematice, tj. zahrneme-li do ekonomick\u00e9 bilance i ekologick\u00e9 aspekty, zm\u011bny v organizaci v\u00fdroby a distribuce energie, dostaneme ji\u017e nyn\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech aplikace alternativn\u00edch zdroj\u016f pozitivn\u00ed ekonomickou bilanci.<\/p>\n

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Fotometrick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/h3>\n

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Od \u010dervna 2003 je v objektu \u0161koly Na P\u0159\u00edkop\u011b 16, Praha 1 nainstalov\u00e1no fototermick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Fototermick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed realizuje p\u0159em\u011bnu slune\u010dn\u00ed energie na energii tepelnou, kter\u00e1 se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k oh\u0159evu tepl\u00e9 u\u017eitkov\u00e9 vody.<\/p>\n

\"Fotovoltaick\u00fdPopis \u010dinnosti:<\/h4>\n

V\u00a0kolektorov\u00e9 plo\u0161e (1) se dopadaj\u00edc\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed energi\u00ed oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 transportn\u00ed kapalina (12), kter\u00e1 je tvo\u0159ena nemrznouc\u00ed sm\u011bs\u00ed. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee elektronick\u00e1 regulace (4) vyhodnot\u00ed nastaven\u00fd minim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplotn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi kolektorovou plochou (1) a\u00a0z\u00e1sobn\u00edkem vody (2), je uvedena do chodu sol\u00e1rn\u00ed hnac\u00ed jednotka (3). Ta zajist\u00ed cirkulaci oh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9 transportn\u00ed kapaliny (12) k\u00a0z\u00e1sobn\u00edku vody (2). Z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u00a0vody je vlastn\u011b v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edk\u00a0tepla, kde transportn\u00ed kapalina (12) p\u0159ed\u00e1 svou tepelnou energii u\u017eitkov\u00e9 vod\u011b, kter\u00e1 se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u\u00a0um\u00fdvadla (8) (viz pozn\u00e1mka za t\u00edmto popisem \u010dinnosti). Ze z\u00e1sobn\u00edku vody (2) se ochlazen\u00e1 transportn\u00ed kapalina (12) vrac\u00ed zp\u011bt do kolektorov\u00e9 plochy (1). Cel\u00fd sol\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m je chr\u00e1n\u011bn jist\u00edc\u00edmi prvky, tj. vypou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm ventilem (7), expanzomatem (9) a\u00a0poji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00edm ventilem (10). Automatick\u00fd odvzdu\u0161\u0148ovac\u00ed ventil (11) m\u00e1 za \u00fakol vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed plyn\u016f z\u00a0transportn\u00ed kapaliny (12). Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zobrazuje spr\u00e1vnou funkci v\u010detn\u011b aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch teplot na displeji kompaktn\u00edho m\u011b\u0159i\u010de tepla (5), kter\u00fd je um\u00edst\u011bn u\u00a0z\u00e1sobn\u00edku vody (2). Proto\u017ee tento sol\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m je demonstra\u010dn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, je dopln\u011bn zobrazovac\u00edm panelem (6), u\u00a0kter\u00e9ho stoj\u00edte a\u00a0na kter\u00e9m se pomoc\u00ed sv\u011bt\u00e9lek ukazuje, v\u00a0jak\u00e9m re\u017eimu chodu sol\u00e1rn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b je a\u00a0jak\u00e9 teploty m\u00e1 kolektorov\u00e1 plocha (1) a\u00a0u\u017eitkov\u00e1 voda (TUV) na v\u00fdstupu ze z\u00e1sobn\u00edku vody (2).<\/p>\n

Pozn.: Na na\u0161\u00ed \u0161kole jsme si nechali cel\u00fd sol\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m doplnit tak, \u017ee u\u017eitkov\u00e1 voda je vedena z v\u00fdstupu z\u00e1sobn\u00edku vody (2), kter\u00fd je um\u00edst\u011bn v u\u010debn\u011b \u010d. 9, na vstup elektrick\u00e9ho bojleru v prostor\u00e1ch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve 3. pat\u0159e. T\u00edm do tohoto bojleru vstupuje ji\u017e p\u0159edeh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e1 voda a elektrick\u00fd oh\u0159ev je zkr\u00e1cen\u00fd a \u0161et\u0159\u00edme t\u00edm elektrickou energii.<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=“1\/2″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Popis z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu:<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. Kolektor Ekostart therma II<\/em> realizuje p\u0159em\u011bnu slune\u010dn\u00ed energie na tepelnou energii. Je vyroben nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technologi\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed technick\u00fdch poznatk\u016f p\u0159i\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro vesm\u00edrn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum. J\u00edmac\u00ed plocha (absorb\u00e9r) je vytvo\u0159ena z\u00a0m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch trubek, na kter\u00fdch jsou vysokofrekven\u010dn\u011b nava\u0159eny m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 lamely. Ty jsou opat\u0159eny vysoce selektivn\u00edm n\u00e1nosem \u201eBlack Crystal (tm)<\/sup>\u201c s\u00a0absorpc\u00ed a\u017e 96% a\u00a0emisivitou do 5%. Trubkami prot\u00e9k\u00e1 transportn\u00ed kapalina. R\u00e1m kolektoru tvo\u0159\u00ed vanu a\u00a0je konstruov\u00e1n z\u00a0nerezov\u00fdch profil\u016f. Prostor mezi absorb\u00e9rem a\u00a0zadn\u00ed st\u011bnou vany je vypln\u011bn izola\u010dn\u00ed vrstvou IZOVER o\u00a0tlou\u0161\u0165ce 40 mm. Z\u00a0p\u0159edn\u00ed strany je kolektor opat\u0159en tvrzen\u00fdm sol\u00e1rn\u00edm sklem o\u00a0tlou\u0161\u0165ce 4 mm s\u00a0vysokou odolnost\u00ed proti mechanick\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed. Rozm\u011bry kolektoru jsou 2,31 x 1,04 x 0,11 m. Absorp\u010dn\u00ed plocha ja 2 m2<\/sup>. Hmotnost cca 52 kg. Pou\u017eit\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly zaru\u010duj\u00ed p\u0159i\u00a0spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed \u017eivotnost minim\u00e1ln\u011b 20 let. Kolektor je postaven na ploch\u00e9 plechov\u00e9 st\u0159e\u0161e objektu u\u010deben praxe a\u00a0v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky.<\/li>\n
  2. Z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u00a0vody <\/em> je v\u00e1lcov\u00e9 t\u011bleso, ve kter\u00e9m u\u017eitkovou vodu oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 transportn\u00ed kapalina, kter\u00e1 prot\u00e9k\u00e1 trubkami uvnit\u0159 t\u011blesa z\u00e1sobn\u00edku. Tento je ve smaltov\u00e9m proveden\u00ed o\u00a0objemu 125 litr\u016f. Z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u00a0je uchycen na zdi u\u010debny \u010d. 9 ve 3. pat\u0159e objektu \u0161koly.<\/li>\n
  3. Hnac\u00ed jednotka <\/em> realizuje pohyb transportn\u00ed kapaliny mezi kolektorem a\u00a0z\u00e1sobn\u00edkem vody. Obsahuje ob\u011bhov\u00e9 \u010derpadlo, manometr, poji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed ventil a\u00a0zp\u011btnou klapku.<\/li>\n
  4. Elektronick\u00e1 regulace <\/em> zaji\u0161\u0165uje \u00fapln\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu v\u010detn\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vypou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edho ventilu z\u00e1sobn\u00edku vody (otev\u00edr\u00e1 se p\u0159i\u00a0p\u0159es\u00e1hnut\u00ed teploty v\u00a0z\u00e1sobn\u00edku vody 95o<\/sup>C a\u00a0zav\u0159e se p\u0159i\u00a0poklesu pod 80o<\/sup>C). T\u00edm je zaji\u0161t\u011bna vysok\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Regulace je diferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed dvou\u010didlov\u00e1 (TeR 03sds).<\/li>\n
  5. Kompaktn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159i\u010d tepla <\/em> umo\u017e\u0148uje sledovat bu\u010f aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo archivovan\u00e9 (a\u017e 16 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f zp\u011bt) hodnoty:\n
      \n
    • celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed tepla dodan\u00e9ho sol\u00e1rn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem od doby jeho uveden\u00ed do provozu<\/li>\n
    • celkov\u00fd objem dodan\u00e9 TUV od doby instalace syst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n
    • aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016ftok transportn\u00ed kapaliny<\/li>\n
    • aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/li>\n
    • aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota transportn\u00ed kapaliny na vstupu do z\u00e1sobn\u00edku vody<\/li>\n
    • aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota transportn\u00ed kapaliny na v\u00fdstupu ze z\u00e1sobn\u00edku vody<\/li>\n
    • teplotn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi vstupem a\u00a0v\u00fdstupem z\u00e1sobn\u00edku vody<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      <\/h4>\n

      [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      [vc_row][vc_column] Fotovoltaick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek [\/vc_column][\/vc_row] [vc_row][vc_column width=“1\/2″][vc_column_text]V m\u011bs\u00edci \u010dervnu 2001 byl v objektu \u0161koly Na P\u0159\u00edkop\u011b 16 instalov\u00e1n v r\u00e1mci akce Slunce do \u0161kol demonstra\u010dn\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00fd zdroj FVS 2000 pro p\u0159\u00edmou p\u0159em\u011bnu energie slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na energii elektrickou se jmenovit\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem 1000 W. Cel\u00e1 tato investi\u010dn\u00ed akce, tj. dod\u00e1vka jednotliv\u00fdch komponent, mont\u00e1\u017e a uveden\u00ed do provozu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2186","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.skolakrizik.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.skolakrizik.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.skolakrizik.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.skolakrizik.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.skolakrizik.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2186"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.skolakrizik.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2186\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3517,"href":"https:\/\/www.skolakrizik.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2186\/revisions\/3517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.skolakrizik.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}